Multinational Research Society Publisher

MRS Journal of Arts, Humanities and Literature

Issue-5(May), Volume-2 2025

1. SHAPING THE FUTURE OF POLICING IN SOUTH AFRICA
17

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology
1-11
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15331155

The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges and opportunities in the reform of the South African Police Service (SAPS) post-apartheid. Specifically, it aims to assess the historical and contemporary factors influencing police legitimacy, accountability, and community trust in South Africa, and to propose actionable recommendations for police reform. The historical legacy of apartheid-era policing and its enduring impact on the SAPS.Issues of police corruption, inefficiency, and abuse of power.The importance of police legitimacy and community-police relations.The role of community policing and external oversight in enhancing accountability.Strategies for effective reform, including internal cultural shifts and improved community engagement.This study argues that the SAPS continues to struggle with the legacy of apartheid-era policing, which has shaped public perceptions and institutional behaviors. Despite significant democratic reforms, issues such as corruption, lack of accountability, and strained police-community relations persist. The study asserts that a shift towards community-centered policing, increased transparency, and enhanced oversight mechanisms are crucial for rebuilding police legitimacy and fostering safer, more just communities. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for police reform to be contextspecific, democratic, and inclusive. This study employs a systematic literature review to analyze existing research on policing in South Africa. The review synthesizes scholarly articles, government reports, and case studies to identify the key challenges and opportunities for reform, offering a comprehensive understanding of the current state of policing. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and civil society organizations working towards police reform in South Africa. By examining both the structural and cultural issues within the SAPS, the study contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving police legitimacy and accountability. The proposed reforms have implications not only for South Africa but for other post-conflict or transitioning societies dealing with similar policing challenges. The primary audience for this study includes academics, researchers, and policymakers focused on law enforcement, public safety, and democratic governance. It also targets civil society organizations, advocacy groups, and community leaders involved in the reform and oversight of police institutions.This study concludes that effective policing reform in South Africa requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach that addresses both the historical context and the current institutional challenges. By prioritizing community engagement, accountability, and transparency, South Africa can reshape its policing model to better serve and protect all its citizens, fostering a more just and democratic society.

2. WALKING THE BEAT, REDUCING THE HEAT: A CROSSOVER AN RANDOMIZED CONTROL...
10

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology
12-26
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15331162

This study explores whether the implementation of short, structured foot patrols in high-violence micro-locations leads to a statistically significant reduction in serious violence. The research aims to assess the effectiveness of this strategy through a systematic literature review, with the goal of informing evidence-based, community-sensitive policing interventions in high-crime urban areas. The study covers key themes including placebased policing, deterrence theory, routine activity theory, procedural justice, and community-police relations. It draws from both global and local evidence to evaluate how short foot patrols influence crime dynamics and public perceptions of safety. Foot patrols, even when brief, can create a "residual deterrent" effect that reduces the opportunity for violent crime. When done respectfully and consistently, such patrols can enhance police legitimacy, foster community trust, and reinforce the presence of capable guardianship. However, their success is highly dependent on community collaboration, officer conduct, and contextual adaptation. This study employs a systematic literature review of international randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, and policing interventions in high-violence neighborhoods. Emphasis is placed on comparative insights from South Africa, the United States, and the United Kingdom, synthesizing both quantitative outcomes and qualitative impacts. Findings from this review have important implications for urban crime prevention, public safety policy, and community engagement strategies. The study provides evidencebased recommendations for the integration of short foot patrols into broader crime prevention frameworks, particularly in cities grappling with distrust in police, high levels of violence, and strained institutional capacity. The research is intended for a broad audience including police leadership, community policing forums (CPFs), safety and security departments, urban policymakers, civil society organizations, and criminology researchers. Short foot patrols offer a promising, low-cost, and scalable strategy to reduce serious violence in high-crime areas. However, their success relies on intentional deployment, accountability, community involvement, and alignment with broader goals of procedural fairness and social cohesion. This study reinforces the need for collaborative, context-aware policing informed by robust empirical evidence.

3. UNDERSTANDING VIOLENT CRIME IN SOUTH AFRICA: A STUDY OF PERPETRATORS A...
13

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology
27-33
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15331167

This research aims to investigate the dynamics of violent crime in South Africa by systematically analyzing the characteristics of both perpetrators and victims. The primary objective is to identify key socio-economic, cultural, and psychological factors contributing to violent crime and assess the effectiveness of current intervention strategies. The study focuses on the prevalence and patterns of violent crime—including homicide, sexual violence, and assault—within South Africa. It explores the socio-demographic profiles of perpetrators and victims, the root causes driving violent behavior, and the policy responses aimed at crime reduction. Violent crime in South Africa is not random but is shaped by structural inequalities, historical legacies, and systemic failures in social and criminal justice institutions. A comprehensive understanding of the lived experiences of both perpetrators and victims is essential for developing effective, evidence-based interventions. Existing policies often fail due to inadequate attention to context-specific drivers of violence and a lack of reliable, integrated data. The study adopts a systematic literature review methodology to synthesize existing empirical studies, government reports, and theoretical frameworks. This approach enables a critical analysis of recurring themes, knowledge gaps, and contrasting perspectives in the scholarly and policy-oriented literature. The findings aim to inform policy-makers, law enforcement agencies, civil society, and academic stakeholders about the complex interplay between individual behavior and structural conditions in violent crime. The study offers practical recommendations for victim support services, youth violence prevention, policing reforms, and community-based safety strategies. This research is intended for academics in criminology and social sciences, public policy practitioners, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international development partners working on crime prevention and justice reform in South Africa. Addressing violent crime in South Africa requires an integrated, multi-sectoral response grounded in evidence and local realities. By illuminating the characteristics and contexts of both victims and perpetrators, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of violence and offers actionable insights for building a safer, more just society.

4. THE IMPACT OF FOOT PATROLS ON COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS OF SAFETY AND POLI...
3

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology
34-48
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15331175

This article explores how police foot patrols influence community perceptions of safety and police legitimacy within the South African context. While traditionally underutilized in favor of motorized policing, foot patrols offer a more direct, relational approach to community engagement. Drawing from international studies and contextualized with South African data and social dynamics, this paper argues that foot patrols can serve as a powerful tool in bridging trust gaps and fostering collaborative crime prevention efforts. This systematic literature review aims to synthesize existing research on the impact of foot patrols on community perceptions of safety and police legitimacy within the unique socio-historical context of South Africa. It seeks to identify effective foot patrol strategies, understand the influence of historical and socio-economic factors, and provide evidence-based recommendations for improving policing practices. The review focuses on the evolution of policing in South Africa, including apartheid-era policing and its lasting legacy, the transition to democratic policing, and contemporary policing challenges. It examines community policing theory and practice, the role of foot patrols, procedural justice, social disorganization, broken windows theory, and transitional justice in the South African context. Effective foot patrols in South Africa necessitate a community-oriented approach that prioritizes procedural justice, acknowledges historical trauma, and addresses socio-economic inequalities. Mere police presence is insufficient; meaningful engagement, data-driven strategies, and targeted officer training are crucial to build trust and enhance perceived safety. The South African context requires acknowledging the effects of past policing actions, and using foot patrols as a tool to help with transitional justice. This research employs a systematic literature review, analyzing dated but foundational studies alongside contemporary research to identify key themes, trends, and gaps in knowledge related to foot patrols in South Africa. The findings of this review will inform policing policies and practices in South Africa, providing evidence-based recommendations for implementing foot patrol programs that enhance community safety and police legitimacy. It will contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities of policing in post-apartheid societies and highlight the importance of contextualized approaches. This research is intended for police agencies, policymakers, researchers, academics, and community stakeholders involved in policing and crime prevention in South Africa and similar contexts.

5. FOSTERING INCLUSIVE AND EQUITABLE JUSTICE SYSTEMS
6

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology
49-55
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15331179

The article's goal is to examine the methods and obstacles involved in lowering global rates of violence and accompanying fatalities. To determine which policies and actions are most successful in reducing violence and fostering peace. Principal Subjects: the underlying causes of violence as well as its effects on people as individuals, groups, and societies. Techniques to stop and lessen violence. The part that communities, governments, and people play in fostering peace. Principal arguments: globally, violence is a widespread problem with far-reaching effects. Long-term prevention requires addressing the core causes of violence, which include discrimination, poverty, and inequality. Community-based programs, early intervention, conflict mediation, and addressing gender-based violence are all effective ways to reduce violence. Promoting peace and lowering violence is a critical responsibility for communities, governments, and individuals to play. Methodological approach survey of the literature on the prevention and mitigation of violence. Evaluation of best practices and case studies. Conversations with professionals in the subject of preventing violence. Significance: This study's conclusions can help shape the creation of violence-reduction initiatives and policies that work. Better knowledge of the causes of violence and the methods for combating it can be gained from the research. The study has the potential to advance a nonviolent, peaceful culture. Policymakers are the target audience. Scholars. Professionals in the subject of preventing violence. The people in general. In summary: Reducing violence and the death rates that go along with it is a difficult task that calls for a diversified strategy. We can endeavour to create a more peaceful and equitable society for everybody by tackling the underlying causes of violence, putting into practice practical preventative measures, and encouraging peace and reconciliation efforts.

6. Perception of Truth and Political Attitudes in the Post- Truth Age
9

Prof. Dr. Derya BERRAK*, Assoc...
St. Clements University
56-67
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15351136

Summary: In the second quarter of the 21st century, politics has become a field not only of ideas but also of emotions, beliefs and personal realities. This transformation is shaped around the concept of ―post- truth ‖ and is radically transforming the perception of social reality. This study examines how individuals’ perceptions of information and truth are shaped, which sources of information they trust and how these perceptions relate to their political attitudes. The relationship between social media usage habits, ways of accessing information and political orientation has been analyzed using survey data in the case of Türkiye. Truth, individual perception of truth has increasingly taken on a subjective structure and that this subjective structure has become a determining factor in political preferences, polarization, and even public consent. The findings show that information trust is directly related to political polarization; individuals trust information that is consistent with their beliefs rather than reality. This situation points to the need to redefine public reason in contemporary democracies. Abstract: Of the second quarter of the 21st century , politics has increasingly become a domain not only of ideas , but of emotions , beliefs , and personal realities . This transformation is encapsulated in the concept of the ―post- truth ‖ era , which has significantly reshaped the perception of social reality. This study investigates how individuals construct their perceptions of truth and information , which sources they trust , and how these perceptions Correlate with political attitudes . The Relationship between social media usage , access to information , and political orientation is analyzed through Survey data collected in the Turkish context . The findings Reveal that in the post- truth era , individual perceptions of truth have become increasingly subjective , shaping political preferences , polarization , and even the formation of public consent . The results indicate That trust in information is directly linked to political polarization; individuals are more Likely to I believe information That aligns with their preexisting beliefs rather than objective facts . This suggests a critical need to Reconsider the role of public Reason in contemporary democracies.

7. INTERSACTIONALITY OF GENDER, CASTE AND CLASS IN THE PLAYS OF MAHESH DA...
18

Vishnu Barman* , Dr. Hemant Ga...
Govt. College Manawar, Dhar (MP)
68-72
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15381658

The plays of Mahesh Dattani, who is widely regarded as one of the most acclaimed modern playwrights in India, feature intricately woven themes of gender, caste, and class. These themes bring to light the deeply ingrained socio-cultural inequalities that exist within Indian culture. The difficulties of marginalized populations are investigated in his writings, with a special emphasis placed on the intersectionality of intersecting identities and the compounding effect that these identities have on individuals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the manner in which Dattani depicts the intertwining of gender oppression with caste and class discrimination in plays such as Tara, Final Solutions, and Seven Steps Around the Fire and how he does it. Dattani reveals the structural prejudices that govern the lives of women, transgender people, and characters from lower castes through the subtle characterization and realistic tales that he employs in his writing. His plays provide a voice to those who have been silenced by giving them the opportunity to challenge patriarchal conventions, examine rigid caste structures, and critique socio-economic injustices. The purpose of this article is to investigate the ways in which Dattani's characters negotiate their numerous marginalized identities and the ways in which social power systems promote discrimination. This is accomplished via the utilization of an intersectional framework. The investigation highlights the relevance of his play in promoting social consciousness and fighting for a society that is more accepting of people of all backgrounds.

8. ERADICATING POVERTY IN ALL ITS DIMENSIONS: A POLICY-ORIENTED APPROACH...
11

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
73-83
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15381675

This article aims to explore the multifaceted nature of poverty in Africa and the African Diaspora, emphasizing the systemic barriers that perpetuate inequality and offering practical solutions for poverty alleviation. It aims to highlight the intersectionality of poverty, addressing its economic, social, and environmental dimensions in both regions, with a focus on actionable strategies to improve quality of life and promote sustainable development. Poverty in Africa and the African Diaspora remains pervasive, despite various development initiatives. In Africa, challenges such as poor governance, climate change, and limited access to education and healthcare continue to exacerbate poverty. Similarly, historical legacies like colonialism, systemic racism, and unequal access to resources in the Diaspora perpetuate social and economic disparities. The persistence of these conditions calls for comprehensive strategies to effectively tackle poverty and enhance the livelihoods of marginalized populations. The article contributes to the discourse on poverty reduction by examining the unique challenges faced by both Africa and the African Diaspora. It provides a comprehensive framework for poverty alleviation, emphasizing gender equality, climate resilience, economic inclusion, education access, and social protection systems. The article offers practical recommendations, grounded in evidence from both regions, to guide policymakers and development practitioners in implementing sustainable and inclusive poverty reduction strategies. This article employs a systematic literature review methodology, synthesizing recent research and historical data on poverty in Africa and the African Diaspora. A range of academic, governmental, and international organization reports have been analyzed to draw a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The review considers both qualitative and quantitative studies, allowing for a nuanced exploration of the social, economic, and political factors contributing to poverty in these regions. Addressing poverty in Africa and the African Diaspora requires a multifaceted, coordinated approach that integrates social protection, sustainable development, gender empowerment, and inclusive economic growth. The findings suggest that while progress has been made, more concerted efforts are needed to build resilient communities and ensure equitable access to resources. The article concludes with a call for stronger political will, better governance, and deeper engagement of the African Diaspora in development initiatives to create lasting poverty alleviation solutions.

9. ADDRESSING SDG 2 – ZERO HUNGER AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
12

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology
84-100
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15381692

This study aims to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture in Africa. With a focus on policy interventions, technological advancements, and community-level practices, the study examines how these elements can be integrated to address hunger, malnutrition, and agricultural productivity in the continent. Africa faces a profound food security crisis characterized by high levels of hunger, malnutrition, and vulnerability to climate change. Despite being home to some of the world’s most fertile land, the continent struggles with low agricultural productivity, inefficient food systems, and inadequate access to resources, leading to persistent food insecurity. The problem is further exacerbated by climate change, poor infrastructure, and gender inequality, particularly among smallholder farmers, the majority of whom are women. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive and sustainable solutions that are both regionally focused and globally aligned. This study contributes to the understanding of how Africa can overcome its food security challenges through a combination of climate-smart agriculture, gender-sensitive policies, regional trade integration, and technological innovation. By providing practical recommendations and policy frameworks, the study highlights the critical role of smallholder farmers, the diaspora, and governmental stakeholders in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger (SDG 2). The study also emphasizes the need for strategic investments in agriculture, infrastructure, and education, which can significantly enhance food systems' resilience and sustainability. The study employs a systematic literature review methodology, analyzing both recent and older sources on food security, agricultural practices, and policy frameworks in Africa. A combination of qualitative analysis and case studies is used to assess successful agricultural interventions across different African regions. The review is structured around several key themes, including climate adaptation strategies, gender equality in agriculture, food trade integration, and technological advancements. In addition, a comparative analysis of policies in different African countries offers insights into best practices and areas for improvement. The study concludes that food security in Africa can be achieved through a multi-faceted approach that includes climate-resilient farming, gender equality, financial inclusion, and regional cooperation. By empowering smallholder farmers, particularly women, and investing in innovative agricultural technologies, Africa can increase food production, reduce malnutrition, and build more sustainable food systems. Collaborative efforts from governments, the private sector, and the diaspora are essential for transforming Africa’s agricultural sector and ensuring long-term food security. With focused attention on policy reforms, research innovation, and community empowerment, Africa has the potential to overcome its current food security challenges and build a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable future.

10. Repurposing Discarded Materials for Sustainable Set Design Practice In...
13

Sika Koomson*
Department of Theatre Arts, School of Creative Arts, University of Education, Winneba
101-109
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15381709

This study explores the potential of repurposing discarded egg crates, cartons, and polythene as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials, particularly plywood, in set design practice in Ghana. Conventional materials, while long favoured, present significant challenges including excessive weight, high costs, limited portability, and environmental degradation. Through artistic exploration, this study investigates the aesthetic, functional, and economic viability of the selected repurposed materials. The findings reveal that egg crates, cartons, and polythene offer considerable advantages: they are lightweight, artistically versatile, cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and adaptable for dynamic stage design. Positive feedback from collaborators and participants validated the creative and practical benefits of using repurposed materials. The study concludes that integrating repurposed materials into set design practices offers a viable solution to many of the logistical, financial, and environmental limitations associated with conventional materials. It recommends that set designers and theatre practitioners continue to explore and innovate with other discarded materials, contributing to the evolving discourse on sustainability within Ghanaian theatre practice.

11. Users’ Perception of the Factors Hindering Book Availability, Accessib...
8

Ogar, Frederick Oman Ph.d*
of Library and InformDepartment ation Science, Faculty of Communication and Media Studies, University of Cross River State, Calabar
110-115
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15462192

This study was to determine users’ perception of the factors hindering book availability, accessibility and utilization in University of Cross River State Library, Calabar. A survey research design was used while questionnaire was administered to 220 library users randomly selected from 25,347 registered users of the University library, 203 questionnaires were returned, 16 of the returned questionnaires were rejected because they were not completely filled. A total of 187 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean score). The findings revealed that insufficient subvention to libraries for purchase of information materials, general books scarcity and cost of library materials were the major factors hindering book availability, accessibility, and utilization. The results also show that non-availability of the required documents within the users time constraint and lack of knowledge of information resources available in the libraries which could satisfy the users’ information needs were the foremost factors that inhibit book accessibility and utilization, while review of closed access policy in libraries and strengthening national initiatives on book development were seen as possible strategies for the improvement of book availability for enhanced users’ satisfaction in University of Cross River State Library, Calabar. The study recommends that: Annual budget allocation to the university library should be improved. A comprehensive tools and retrieval devices should be provided in order to direct users to specific locations of information resources in the library. The indigenous commercial publishers and authors should be encourage to engage on scholarly publication.

12. Bilingualism and Readability in written language production
5

Chrysovalantou Kapeta*
Postdoctoral researcher in Applied Linguistics - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
116-119
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15462205

The present study concerns 39 samples out of 150 in total produced by one bilingual student of a primary school in Germany and including both simple and short sentences as well as more complex or in some cases complete paragraphs. The language of writing is German, while the mother tongue is Greek. The purpose of the research is to highlight the ease or difficulties that a bilingual student faces in producing written language and which factors (e.g. vocabulary, grammar, syntax, level of text difficulty) influence the final result. Tableau Public was used for the statistical analysis, while all 39 samples were first digitized manually in Word format. They were then analyzed with the Flesch-Kincaid and Gunning Fog Readability formulas, the results of which were carefully transferred to an Excel spreadsheet. The final results showed that there is a relative comfort in the use of more advanced vocabulary as well as the use of subordinate clauses compared to the age of 8-11. The creation of a database would perhaps contribute even more to the academic and educational community in terms of a more fair evaluation of texts produced by bilingual primary school students.

13. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR LAW IN TURKEY: A NORMATIVE VIEW FROM T...
6

Dr. Aytac Meraler*
St. Clements University
120-124
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15478290

This study deals with the historical development of labor law from a normative perspective in Turkey. Starting from the last period of the Ottoman Empire, the evolution of Turkish labor law was examined over the Republican Period, 1961 and 1982 Constitutions, the 2003 Labor Law and the European Union harmonization process. In this article, which was prepared based on the thesis study, the basic legal regulations that entered into force in the field of labor law were analyzed; The historical transformation of individual and collective labor relations has been evaluated on the axis of job security, trade union rights and occupational health safety concepts. At the same time, the inadequacies of laws at the application level and the problem of working law on paper are also discussed. In this context, the study provides a comprehensive assessment by taking into account the changes in the social state principle and labor-capital relations as well as the historical process of labor law in Turkey.

14. IDENTITY POLITICS and MULTICULTURALISM: SOCIAL INTEGRATION or DECOMPOS...
7

Dr. Serhat ERDUR*
St. Clements University
125-130
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15478318

Today's societies are increasingly shaped with ethnic, cultural and religious diversity. This diversity has prepared the ground for the rise of identity policy and the spread of multicultural policies. Identity policy means that individuals make political demands through the ethnic, cultural or social groups to which they belong; Multiculturalism is a social model that encourages the combination of different cultural identities. In this context, the question of whether these approaches are the tools that strengthen social integration, or whether the dynamics that deepen social separation are important. In this article, the relationship between identity politics and multiculturalism is examined; The effects of these two cases on social integration and separation are evaluated through literature screening. In the article, the application results of multicultural policies are analyzed by the examples of Western Europe, Canada and Türkiye, and the effects of identity politics on democratic representation, social conflict and social harmony are discussed. The study reveals how identity -based demands are managed in multicultural societies is decisive in terms of social peace and stability.

15. REPRESENTATION of FEMALE SOLDIERS from GENDER PERSPECTIVE: an ASSESSME...
1

Dr. Belemir TEKIN*
St. Clements University
131-136
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15520905

This study aims to evaluate the social position of female soldiers in Turkey and its representations in the media within the framework of gender inequality and feminist media theories. The effects of gender roles, stereotypes and prejudices on both military institutions and media production have been examined in multi -faceted. It was analyzed how women are positioned in the military field, which is considered to be among the male-dominated areas, the socio-cultural effects of this position and how they are represented in the media. First of all, the theoretical foundations of gender through socio-psychological, socio-economic and feminist theories were discussed; The place of women's place of business, the forms of discrimination, wage inequalities and inequalities in the promotion processes have been underlined. Then, within the scope of feminist media studies, it was discussed with which narratives the media presented female soldiers, which stereotypes, and how these forms of representation reproduce gender norms. The increasing visibility of female soldiers in Turkey and the policies of the Turkish Armed Forces for women's employment have been examined in a historical process. The distribution of duties, promotion, difficulties and social perceptions of women officers and non -commissioned officers were analyzed. In the media, the representation of female soldiers is often shaped through their physical appearance or their “unusual achievements ,, which gives the impression that women can only be included in the system with their individual efforts. The study reveals that the visibility of female soldiers is directly linked not only by employment policies, but also by social perceptions shaped by media. In this context, the study aims to break the gender norms, to exist in more equal terms of women in the public sphere and to contribute to the questioning of patriarchal structures.

16. TURKIYE in the GLOBAL POWER STRUGGLE: A KEY ACTOR of the TRANSFORMING...
2

Dr. Yasin KALAFATOGLU*
St. Clements University/Türkiye-UK
137-142
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15541483

The second quarter of the 21st century stands out as a period of a radical transformation in the international system. The transition from one -polar structure to polarity has made the global power distribution more complex and uncertain. In this process of change, China's economic rise, Russia's military revisionism, the European Union's strategic autonomy efforts and the US claims of leadership came to the forefront; There are both risks and opportunities for countries such as Turkey (Waltz, 1979; Nye, 2004). This article examines the theoretical foundations of multiple polarity and analyzes the transformation of global power centers in the context of current geopolitical developments; It evaluates Turkey's strategic role in this new order with a multidimensional approach. While the versatility in Türkiye's foreign policy continues its institutional ties with the Western alliance, it is handled through its deepening relations with Asia, Middle East and Africa; Military capacity is discussed within the framework of soft power tools and diplomatic maneuvering areas. In this context, the article aims to provide an analytical response to the question of whether Turkey will be “balancing actor or “playicual power ”.

17. SOCIAL JUSTICE FOR DISABLED GROUPS IN INDIA: ENSURING CONSTITUTIONAL P...
33

Dr. Abhas Srivastava*, Dr. Shr...
Assistant Professor, Institute of Law, Nirma University
143-148

In India individuals with disabilities have a constitutional right to be treated equally with equal opportunities, access to resources, equal societal participation and so on. To ensure equality to disabled persons, Government of India has undertaken several steps. There has been a paradigm shift in the conceptual understanding from a charity-based approach to a right-based approach. ‘The Rights of Persons with Disability Act, 2016 (RPwD Act, 2016)’ imparts rights and entitlements to disabled persons in India. This ensures rights, equality, participation, non-discrimination and accountability. However, reality starkly deviates from this ideal society. There exists partial implementation of laws and policies at ground level which becomes the subject matter of investigation here. This article shall examine the factors that make the disabled population vulnerable in their existence in society and would establish the denial of their rights, privileges and opportunities due to this vulnerability. It shall examine the guarantees and protections which Indian Constitution has assured to disabled groups and it current status. The article argues for affirmative action for these groups by highlighting how because of vulnerable status and denials, disabled groups constitute a distinct and separate class in themselves and hence must be made the subjects of affirmative action.





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